{"id":126,"date":"2025-05-24T13:55:22","date_gmt":"2025-05-24T08:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.femcarefertility.com\/blog\/?p=126"},"modified":"2025-08-04T13:39:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T08:09:44","slug":"male-infertility-causes-and-reasons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.femcarefertility.com\/blog\/male-infertility-causes-and-reasons\/","title":{"rendered":"Male Infertility : Understanding Causes That Impact Sperm Health"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Introduction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Infertility is a taboo topic among couples and families, which can cause immense distress to them. When a couple struggles to conceive, society usually attributes the problem primarily to women and very little to the male counterpart, but that&#8217;s not always true. However, it <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">is now known<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> that almost half of the infertility cases are associated with the male factor. From low sperm count to hormonal imbalances or lifestyle habits, several things can affect a man\u2019s ability to contribute to a pregnancy. This blog looks into the various causes of male infertility and how identifying them early can improve the chances of successful treatment.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Male Infertility<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The testes produce sperm, pass them into the seminal fluid from certain glands, and eject them out through the penis. Pregnancy occurs when the sperm meets an egg inside the woman\u2019s body. Causes of male factor infertility are mainly twofold:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">1. Trouble with sperm production and quality<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">2. Trouble with sperm delivery<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Trouble with Sperm Production and Quality:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The couple\u2019s childbearing dreams may be held back if the number of mature sperm produced is <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">not enough<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, their shape is abnormal (large head, two tails, etc.), or the swimmers cannot take those laps and reach the egg. There can be cases where there is no sperm production at all (azoospermia). According to the WHO standards, <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">sperm<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> count of less than 15 million is taken to be low. Common causes for such sperm production defects are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">a. High temperatures: <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Heat can lead to injury to the sperm cells, which causes a reduction in the number and quality of the produced sperm. Long hot showers, using tight underwear, taking laptops directly onto the lap, sitting for long hours, and<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">long motorcycle rides are <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">some<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> common lifestyle habits that can cause increased temperature.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">b. Anatomic:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Varicocele:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0Swelling of the veins in the scrotum around the testes, causing a rise in the testicular temperature and pressure, leading to low sperm production <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">as well as<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> abnormal sperm. In some cases, it may also lead to the shrinking of the affected testicle. About 20-40% of men with infertility are affected.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Undescended testes:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0Underdeveloped testes and high temperatures on account of being inside the body lead to abnormal sperm production and a low count.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">c. Hormonal imbalance:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Low testosterone levels, thyroid and pituitary hormone imbalance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">d. Genetic:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Klinefelter syndrome (XXY):<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Sex chromosomal condition where testes may not develop normally, leading to low testosterone levels, reduced or no sperm production.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Y-chromosome microdeletions:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0Certain factors present on the Y chromosome control sperm production. Any minor deletions in these can lead to sperm production and maturation problems.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Rarer sex chromosomal and other genetic problems<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">e. Cancers of the testicles or prostate can cause reduced fertility.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">f. Infections:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Mumps after puberty can lead to testicular shrinkage and production of anti-sperm antibodies, causing sperm count, shape and movement problems. Other sexually transmitted infections like <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">HIV-AIDS<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, gonorrhoea can also compromise fertility.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">g. Lifestyle:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Obesity, mental stress, and<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">diabetes <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">are known to<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> reduce sperm count.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">h. Medications:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Steroids can cause testicular shrinkage and azoospermia; chemotherapy, radiation therapy, high blood pressure medicines, and antidepressant medicines can cause sperm count and quality defects.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">i.<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Addictions:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Alcohol: Heavy drinkers have more abnormally shaped sperm and lower count, as alcohol can cause hormonal imbalance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Smoking damages the DNA of the sperm, affecting count and motility. It also impacts sperm delivery as it narrows blood vessels around the penis leading to erectile dysfunction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Drugs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">j. Environmental exposures:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Pesticides, mercury\/lead\/cadmium exposure, and<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">pollutants can affect fertility.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">k. Testicular injury\/ trauma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">l. Use of certain vaginal lubricants is known to affect sperm movement.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Trouble with Sperm Delivery:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Abnormality in the delivery of normal, mature sperm to the female tract for fertilisation is an equal contributor to male factor infertility. This can occur due to multiple reasons, mainly:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Obstruction in the reproductive tract or testicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Structural problems like uncorrected hypospadias where the opening of the penis is under it rather than at the tip which can lead to curving of the penis, making it difficult for sperm delivery into the female tract.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Cystic fibrosis:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0This is a genetic condition wherein the sperm carrying tubes are either absent or blocked (congenital absence of vas deferens).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Ejaculatory problems:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and retrograde ejaculation (sperms travel to the bladder instead of exiting the penis).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">These causes may not have specific symptoms, and the male partner may be fit and fine. Only after one year of actively trying to achieve pregnancy do couples realize something is amiss. However, it is important to consult a fertility specialist when there is a sudden decrease in libido, erectile dysfunction or testicular changes. Age over 40 years is also a known risk factor for male infertility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Know more about Sperm Count, read our blog: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.femcarefertility.com\/blog\/what-is-sperm-count-and-how-is-it-tested\/\">What is Sperm Count and How it is tested.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It is time we make ourselves aware of the male factors involved to be able to diagnose, provide support and manage it timely manner. Under the care of the infertility specialists at Femcare Fertility, you will be systematically guided through each step, providing you with the best <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">infertility<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> treatment. Awareness of the cause is the first step to effective treatment.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Hence, our team of the best fertility doctors in Pune and Kolkata <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">strive<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> to provide you with solutions <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">to<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> help you make informed choices.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Question: <\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">What are the main causes of infertility in men?<br class=\"yoast-text-mark\" \/><\/span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Answer:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Male infertility can result from low sperm count, poor sperm motility, hormonal imbalances, genetic conditions, testicular injury, or lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol use, and obesity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Question:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Can lifestyle affect male fertility?<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Answer:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Yes. Smoking, alcohol, poor diet, and lack of exercise harm sperm health. Heat exposure and stress can also reduce overall fertility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Question:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Can male infertility be treated?<br class=\"yoast-text-mark\" \/><\/span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Answer:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Many cases of male infertility are treatable through medication, hormone therapy, surgery (for varicoceles or blockages), or assisted reproductive techniques like IUI or IVF with ICSI.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Question:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Where can I get the best treatment for male infertility in India?<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Answer:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Femcare Fertility offers the best male infertility treatment plans at its advanced <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">centers<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> in Pune and Kolkata. We\u2019re recognised as one of the best fertility clinics for addressing both male and female infertility issues.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Infertility is a taboo topic among couples and families, which can cause immense distress to them. When a couple [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":127,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infertility"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Male Infertility : Understanding Causes That Impact Sperm Health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read the common causes of male infertility issues, from low sperm count to lifestyle habits. 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