{"id":119,"date":"2025-05-24T12:51:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-24T07:21:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.femcarefertility.com\/blog\/?p=119"},"modified":"2025-07-07T12:50:19","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T07:20:19","slug":"sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-fertility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.femcarefertility.com\/blog\/sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-fertility\/","title":{"rendered":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and their impact on fertility"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Introduction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), synonymously called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are conditions that can spread from an infected person usually via sexual interaction when the infective agent is present in the semen, vaginal fluids, anal secretions, saliva, blood. Some of these infections may also spread through skin contact, infected needles or from mother to child in pregnancy\/childbirth or breastmilk. Micro-organisms can directly enter the uterus if they cross the cervical barrier during delivery, miscarriage, pelvic examinations or intrauterine device insertion. These\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">STI&#8217;s<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0can impact sexual health and reproductive fitness.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">STI affect fertility:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Sexually transmitted infections are one of the major factors associated with tubal factor infertility in women. The infection, if undiagnosed and not treated, can severely affect ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">cervix by causing inflammation, scarring and blockage.\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">This makes it difficult\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">for<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">the<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0release and\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">passage of<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0eggs from the ovaries into the tube for fertilisation and eventually into the uterus.<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0Scarring of the uterine lining can cause problems with implantation of the fertilised egg.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">In males, an untreated infection can cause reduced sperm count, erectile dysfunction, and<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">tubal blockage hampering sperm movement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">In infected pregnant mothers, the babies are at risk of having birth defects, prematurity and associated complications, low birth weight, stillbirth, and<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">neonatal death.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">Risky behavior:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Unprotected sexual intercourse (without condoms) is one of the major risk factors for contracting STIS. Most\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">of the<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0infections do not show symptoms, or symptoms may appear much later. The infected person is unaware of carrying the infection, so if not careful, they risk passing it to their partner(s) unknowingly.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Engaging in sexual activities with multiple partners<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Sharing of needles (substance abuse and unsafe drug use), razors, and<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">toothbrushes<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">Common symptoms:<\/h2>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">These infections may not always show symptoms immediately in most cases. If the infection spreads further, there may be some major indicators like:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Persistent lower abdominal, back pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Unusual vaginal or penile discharge (with\/without foul smell and weird colour)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Pain and burning on urination<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Untimely bleeding\/ spotting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Pain in the testis for men<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Fever<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">Common Sexually transmitted infections:<\/h3>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">Syphilis:<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">The syphilis rash (sore) containing bacteria is contagious, and any contact with it can lead to the spread through sexual transmission. It is also known to pass from an infected mother to the child during pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Untreated disease can cause scarring and blockage of the epididymis in men (epididymitis), and<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">erectile dysfunction in the long-run in men. It also leads to increased risk for miscarriages, stillbirth and affected children (congenital syphilis) in infected pregnant women.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gonorrhoea:<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">It is caused by bacteria and can spread through oral, vaginal or anal sex, affecting not only the genitalia but also the throat and anus. It can lead to epididymitis in men. Sperms thus cannot travel into the ejaculate from the testes, hampering fertility.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Chlamydia:<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">It is a bacterial infection that can cause severe harm to the fallopian tubes, gradually leading to infertility in women. In men, it may reduce sperm quality, lead to swelling of the urethra, epididymis and prostate gland, all amounting to infertility.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are the most common Sexually transmitted infections reported and are mainly associated with PID (about 90% PID cases).<\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trichomoniasis:<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">It can lead to very foul smelling and frothy vaginal discharge of grey\/green\/yellow colour, itching\/burning\/swelling\/redness of the genitalia. If it occurs with other Sexually transmitted infections\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">can<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\"> increase PID risk. It also increases the risk of pre-term delivery and smaller babies in pregnant women.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Mycoplasma Genitalium:<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">It is a fairly newly identified bacterial infection. It can cause urethral and cervical inflammation, PID in women and urethral inflammation along with other common symptoms in men.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID):<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">It is an effect of the long-term progression of untreated Sexually transmitted infections. 10-15% of women with untreated chlamydia can have PID. Re-infection with gonorrhoea can increase the risk of developing PID. The bacteria enter through the vagina during sexual contact and can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">PID can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, which makes passage of the egg to the uterus difficult. If fertilised in the tube, it can lead to a fatal condition called ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilised egg implants in the tube itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Apart from the common STI symptoms, other indicative signs of PID are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Pain in the upper abdomen<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Pain during sexual contact and around the time of ovulation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Fatigue, vomiting, fainting<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Sexually active women under 25 years having unprotected sex, use of intrauterine contraceptive devices, douching and past PID history all increase the risk of PID.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">The expert doctor will check for discomfort and swelling around the uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina. Diagnosis may be confirmed on sonography, pelvic or even laparoscopic examination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Rarely<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">surgery\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">might be<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\"> required if infection leads to pus formation, to remove it.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Herpes simplex virus (HSV):<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">It is a viral infection that can pass via genital blisters through sexual contact. The genital blisters can be\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">very painful<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\"> and limiting. It can have serious effects on the baby of an affected mother, if infected during vaginal delivery. It indirectly causes reduced fertility as partners don\u2019t engage in sexual activity, which delays conception.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Human papillomavirus (HPV):<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">HPV is transmitted through skin contact, which leads to the development of warts in the genitalia and on the skin. Like with HSV, these warts and their treatment (which can take years) can be sexually limiting, pushing time for conception. Some HPV virus types can lead to cervical cancer in women and genital cancers in men, hampering fertility.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV):<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">A serious viral infection that spreads via sexual activities, to the baby of an infected mother via breastmilk or during pregnancy. The affected individual is asymptomatic for a couple of months and symptoms gradually develop over the years, progressing to AIDS. There is no cure for HIV, though medications can improve the quality\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">and<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\"> years of life. However, since the usual baby-making route is risky, couples with an affected partner wanting children can opt for ART.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hepatitis:<\/span><\/h6>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Hepatitis B is mostly transmitted by sexual contact\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">as<\/span><\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> it is present in genital fluids. Homosexual men are more at-risk of contracting hepatitis A through anal sex. Hepatitis B infection leads to poor sperm motility and number in men, as well as tubal factor infertility and susceptibility to PID in women.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">Diagnosis:<\/h3>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Regular STI testing is strongly recommended for sexually active individuals, especially in cases of multiple partners, getting into a new relationship, a<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">partner diagnosed with an STI or before planning a pregnancy under an expert, even if asymptomatic. Pregnant women are also advised to undergo STI testing in early pregnancy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Blood test (for antibody or antigen detection)\u2013 Syphilis, hepatitis, HIV, herpes. Urine test \u2013 Trichomoniasis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Swabs (vaginal\/cervical for women, penile for men) for either bacterial culture test or microbial DNA test \u2013 HPV, chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhoea<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Physical examination of the vagina, cervix to check for blisters, sores, warts or any cancerous growth Earlier the diagnosis, easier the treatment and preventable are the serious long-term effects.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">Prevention \/ Treatment:<\/h3>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">You should do STI checks prior to conceiving, under a doctor\u2019s guidance.<br \/>\nIn case of a known STI, abstinence from sex till the infection is cleared is the most effective prevention method.<\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Use of condoms can also help to prevent transmission<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Bacterial Sexually transmitted infections can be treated with an antibiotic course fairly easily if detected\u00a0<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">in the early stages<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">. You must complete the treatment thoroughly to flush out all the bacteria and prevent re-infection. If the infection persists, doctors may prescribe stronger antibiotics.<br \/>\nDoctors cannot completely cure viral STIs, but anti-viral medication can reduce the severity of symptoms and flare-ups.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">Vaccines are available for HPV, Hep B. Staying up-to-date on the vaccinations can also help prevent the infections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>If STIs affect the tubes, doctors need to repair them either non-surgically by tube cannulation (doctors insert a long, flexible tube into the fallopian tubes to remove the block) or surgically by salpingectomy (doctors remove the affected part of the tube) \/ salpingostomy (doctors create another opening around the ovary). The type of treatment will depend on the severity and location of the blockage.<\/p>\n<p>If severe damage makes the tubes unsalvageable, you can seek IVF as an option for pregnancy. However, the infection must be cleared before conception.<\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: bold;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">If you\u2019re planning to start a family, getting tested for sexually transmitted infections (<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">STIs<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">) is a simple but important step to protect your fertility. At <a href=\"https:\/\/femcarefertility.com\/\">Femcare Fertility<\/a>, with a trusted IVF center in Pune and Kolkata, we\u2019re here to guide you through STI testing and explain how it can affect your chances of conception. And if treatment or surgical care is needed, our experienced team offers personalised solutions to help you <\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">move forward with confidence<\/span><span data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;data-preserver-spaces&quot;:&quot;true&quot;}\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions):<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Question:<\/strong> Can STIs or STDs cause infertility in men and women?<br \/>\n<strong>Answer:<\/strong> Yes, untreated STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea can lead to infertility. In women, they may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which damages fallopian tubes. In men, they can affect sperm production or block the reproductive tract.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Question:<\/strong> How do healthcare providers diagnose and treat STIs before couples try to conceive?<br \/>\n<strong>Answer:<\/strong> Healthcare providers diagnose STIs through blood tests, urine tests, or swabs. They can treat most bacterial infections with antibiotics. It&#8217;s crucial to complete treatment before attempting to conceive and ensure both partners receive testing and treatment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Question:<\/strong> Where can I get STI\/STD testing and fertility support in Pune or Kolkata?<br \/>\n<strong>Answer:<\/strong> At Femcare Fertility, we offer comprehensive STI or STD screening, fertility assessments, and advanced treatments. Our clinics in Pune and Kolkata are among the best fertility centres for helping couples conceive safely and confidently.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), synonymously called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are conditions that can spread from an infected person [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":120,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infertility"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and their impact on fertility<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn what sexually transmitted diseases are and how they affect fertility. 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